![]() ![]() ![]() This enzyme was first discovered through a structural study of DisA in Bacillus subtilis and Thermotoga maritima ( Witte et al., 2008). This widespread influence has made the study of c-di-AMP a quickly developing area of research for the foreseeable future.Įnzymatically, c-di-AMP is synthesized from two molecules of ATP, which is catalyzed by diadenylate cyclase (DAC). Additionally, c-di-AMP produced by Listeria monocytogenes has been shown to activate a host type I interferon response ( Woodward et al., 2010) mediated by host effector proteins STING and DDX41 ( Bowie, 2012, Burdette et al., 2011, Jin et al., 2011, Parvatiyar et al., 2012, Sauer et al., 2011). Currently, c-di-AMP is linked to bacterial infections, biofilm formation, potassium uptake, cell wall homeostasis, and resistance to antibiotics ( Bai et al., 2013, Bai et al., 2014, Barker et al., 2013, Corrigan et al., 2011, Corrigan et al., 2013, Griffiths & O'Neill, 2012, Luo & Helmann, 2012, Mehne et al., 2013, Pozzi et al., 2012, Schwartz et al., 2012, Yamamoto et al., 2012, Yang et al., 2014, Ye et al., 2014). However, cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) was only recently discovered and the roles of cdi-AMP in various organisms have just started to be recognized ( Corrigan & Grundling, 2013, Kalia et al., 2012, Witte et al., 2008). Cyclic nucleotides have been well studied over the past few decades and are integral to signal transduction in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms ( Kalia et al., 2012, Romling et al., 2013). ![]()
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